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Toxicologic Pathology
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Journal Article

The Biology of Carcinogen-Induced Hepatocyte Nodules and Related Liver Lesions in the Rats

Emmanuel Farber, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S.C.

Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry University of Toronto, Banting Institute Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5

The only known sequence of tissue changes seen during liver cancer development involves microscopic foci or islands of altered hepatocytes, hepatocyte nodules, a subset of these nodules, the persistent nodules, nodules in nodules and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. The nodules show an array of architectural, fine ultrastructural, vascular, biochemical and physiological properties characteristic of this new population of hepatocytes. Despite their origin following initiation with a chemical carcinogen, the vast majority (98-99%) of nodules undergo a complex process of remodeling or redifferentiation to normal looking mature liver. A very small minority persist, continue to grow slowly and ultimately may act as a site of origin for new later precancerous nodules and metastasizing hepatocellular carcinoma. The basis for the different behaviour patterns, remodelling of the majority and persistence of the minority is not understood. Even though the vast majority of nodules do undergo remodelling and "disappear", it would be unwise at this time to ignore this key role of nodules in general in cancer development.

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 10, No. 2, 197-201 (1982)
DOI: 10.1177/019262338201000234
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This article has been cited by other articles:


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 Toxicol Ind HealthHome page
E. Rinde, R. Hill, A. Chiu, and B. Haberman
Proliferative Hepatocellular Lesions of the Rat: Review and Future Use in Risk Assessment
Toxicology and Industrial Health, January 1, 1987; 3(1): 145 - 166.
[PDF]

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 Toxicol PatholHome page
E. Farber, L. C. Eriksson, M. W. Roomi, R. G. Cameron, and M. A. Hayes
Chemical Carcinogenesis: Hepatocyte Nodules with a Special Phenotype As a Common Step at the Crossroads
Toxicol Pathol, April 1, 1984; 12(3): 288 - 290.
[Abstract] [PDF]