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Toxicologic Pathology
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Journal Article

Hemorrhagic Cardiomyopathy and Hemothorax in Vitamin K Deficient Mice

Anton M. Allen

Microbiological Associates, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850

Carl T. Hansen

National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Thomas D. Moore

National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Joseph Knapka

National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Raymond D. Ediger

Maryland Department of Agriculture, Annapolis, Maryland 21740

Philip H. Long

The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224

The cause of a fatal condition characterized by hemorrhagic cardiomyopathy, hemothorax, and coagulation defects in hysterectomy-derived male mice was investigated. Microscopic heart alterations included multifocal hemorrhage and necrosis with variable degrees of acute inflammation and fibroplasia that were most severe in the region of the atrioventricular junction. A spontaneous outbreak was arrested by increasing menadione Na-bisulfite (vitamin K) in the feed to 20 ppm. The complete syndrome including hemorrhagic cardiomyopathy was readily reproduced in germ-free male mice given a vitamin K-free diet, and in conventional male and female mice given Warfarin in the diet. We concluded that the cause of this condition was vitamin K deficiency.

Key Words: Mouse • heart • necrosis • Warfarin • coagulopathy

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 19, No. 4-2, 589-596 (1991)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339101900404
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