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Toxicologic Pathology
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Journal Article

Metal Accumulation and Nephron Heterogeneity in Mercuric Chloride-Induced Acute Renal Failure

Martin F. Wilks

Drug Development and Chemical Safety Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of East London, Romford Road, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom

Neill J. Gregg

Peter H. Bach

Drug Development and Chemical Safety Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of East London, Romford Road, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom

The present study was designed to assess the effects of mercury on glomerular integrity during the early phase of acute renal failure. The silver amplification method showed distribution of mercury in midcortical and juxtamedullary glomeruli and on the brush border of the S2 segment of the proximal tubule 15 min after treatment. At 30 min, there was a decrease in glomerular staining and increased mercury in the proximal tubule. After 3 hr, mercury was no longer detectable in glomeruli but was widespread in the lumen of the proximal tubule. By 24 hr, mercury was prominent in all proximal tubular segments throughout the cortex. The presence of mercury in glomeruli was not related to hemodynamic changes, as there was no evidence for blood redistribution toward juxtamedullary glomeruli as assessed by the filling of the microvascular system with Monastral Blue B. The reduced activity of horseradish peroxidase (administered iv 90 sec and 10 min before sacrifice) in juxtamedullary glomeruli 30 min after mercury administration suggests a decreased uptake of horseradish peroxidase or an increased glomerular protein filtration. These data support glomerular filtration as the predominant excretory route for mercury, highlight the marked nephron heterogeneity in the distribution of this metal, and show that impairment of glomerular integrity occurs before necrosis of the proximal tubules and acute renal failure.

Key Words: Kidney • mercury • renal failure • glomerulus • silver staining • Monastral Blue B • horseradish peroxidase

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 282-290 (1994)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339402200306
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