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Toxicologic Pathology
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Journal Article

Histopathology of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Changes: Role of Interleukin 1{alpha} and Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}

Mark E. Blazka

Environmental Immunology and Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Michael R. Elwell

Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Steve D. Holladay

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442

Ralph E. Wilson

Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Michael I. Luster

Environmental Immunology and Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Administration of 500 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) to female B6C3F1 mice resulted in well-documented pathophysiological changes in the liver manifested as increased serum concentration of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase), centrilobular congestion, and hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. The role of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-{alpha}) and interleukin 1{alpha} (IL-1{alpha}), on the hepatotoxicity of APAP was examined at 4,8, 12, and 24 hr following APAP administration. Neutralization of TNF-{alpha} or IL-1{alpha} with specific antibodies partially prevented the hepatotoxic effects of APAP at the 4- and 8-hr time points. In addition, prior administration of anti-TNF-{alpha} antibodies shortened the recovery time following APAP treatment. While IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) had only a modest protective effect against APAP-induced liver damage, as determined by serum enzyme release, IL-1ra had no effect on the degree of hepatic congestion or necrosis at any of the time points examined. On the other hand, administration of antibodies against IL-1ra exacerbated APAP-induced liver toxicity. These results suggest that TNF-{alpha} and IL-1{alpha} play an important role in the degree of damage and recovery that the liver undergoes following APAP intoxication.

Key Words: Female B6C3F1 mice • antibody • proinflammatory • hepatotoxic • centrilobular congestion

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 24, No. 2, 181-189 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339602400206


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