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Recombinant Human Interleukin-3 Induces Extramedullary Hematopoiesis at Subcutaneous Injection Sites in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

Alex A. Kats

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

Monique M. Fouant

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

Sandra S. Snook

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

John P. Mckearn

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

Carl L. Alden

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

Peter F. Smith

Department of Product Safety Assessment, G. D. Searle and Co., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077

Parenteral administration of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors has been sporadically associated with cutaneous complications, including injection site reactions in humans and nonhuman primates. In this study, subcutaneous injection sites were evaluated from 12 cynomolgus monkeys administered a recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) at dose levels of 0, 70, or 700 µg/kg daily for 18 days. Monkeys administered rhIL-3 developed small (0.5-1-cm-diameter), firm nodules at the subcutaneous injection sites. Histologically, these nodules from 4 of 8 rhIL-3-treated monkeys contained trilineage extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) represented by precursors of myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic series cells. The lineage of hematopoietic cells was confirmed by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Hematopoietic cells of myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages were more common than erythroid cells. Of myeloid cells, immature eosinophils were more common, which usually formed small sheets or clusters in the panniculus and deep dermis. This report describes, for the first time, the occurrence of cutaneous EMH at the injection sites of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors, which should be differentiated from inflammation. We believe the cutaneous EMH was the exaggerated pharmacologic effect of rhIL-3.

Key Words: Hematopoietic growth factors • cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) • skin reactions • toxicology

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 24, No. 4, 391-397 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339602400401


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