This Article Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Spencer, A. J. Articles by Harpur, E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Spencer, A. J. Articles by Harpur, E. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Gadolinium Chloride Toxicity in the Rat

Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom

Susan A. Wilson

Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom

John Batchelor

Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom

Alexandra Reid

Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom

Jeremy Pees

Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom

Ernest Harpur

Sanofi Research Division, Alnwick Research Centre, Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom

Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intravenous injection of gadolinium chloride solution at dosages of 0 (saline vehicle), 0.07, 0.14, and 0.35 mmol/kg. Apart from 1 top-dose female, which died during dosing, 5 rats/sex/ group were necropsied 48 hr postdose, and the remaining 5 rats/sex/group were necropsied 14 days postdose. Macroscopic, hematological, and clinical chemistry analyses were undertaken on all animals that were necropsied. Histopathological examination was undertaken on all organs from high-dose and control animals necropsied 48 hr postdose and on tissues that showed treatment-related changes from all other rats necropsied either 48 hr or 14 days postdose. Major lesions related to gadolinium chloride administration consisted of mineral deposition in capillary beds (particularly lung and kidney), phagocytosis of mineral by the mononuclear phagocytic system, hepatocellular and splenic necrosis followed by dystrophic mineralization, mineralization of the fundic glandular mucosa in the absence of necrosis followed by mucous cell hyperplasia, decreased platelet numbers and increased prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of the spleen and liver revealed electron-dense deposits in splenic macrophages, Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes composed of gadolinium, calcium, and phosphate.

Key Words: Mineralization • liver • spleen • stomach • lung • kidney • coagulation

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 25, No. 3, 245-255 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339702500301


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Swaminathan and S. V. Shah New Insights into Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2007; 18(10): 2636 - 2643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. V. Naidu, S. M. Woolley, A. S. Farivar, R. Thomas, C. H. Fraga, C. H. Goss, and M. S. Mulligan Early tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} release from the pulmonary macrophage in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2004; 127(5): 1502 - 1508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. V. Naidu, B. Krishnadasan, A. S. Farivar, S. M. Woolley, R. Thomas, N. Van Rooijen, E. D. Verrier, and M. S. Mulligan Early activation of the alveolar macrophage is critical to the development of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2003; 126(1): 200 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Artemov, N. Mori, R. Ravi, and Z. M. Bhujwalla Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging of the HER-2/neu Receptor Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 63(11): 2723 - 2727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Spencer, S. Wilson, and E. Harpur Gadolinium chloride toxicity in the mouse Human and Experimental Toxicology, November 1, 1998; 17(11): 633 - 637. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Rees, A. Spencer, S. Wilson, A. Reid, and E. Harpur Time Course of Stomach Mineralization, Plasma, and Urinary Changes After a Single Intravenous Administration of Gadolinium(III) Chloride in the Male Rat Toxicol Pathol, November 1, 1997; 25(6): 582 - 589. [Abstract] [PDF]