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Toxicologic Pathology
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Apoptotic Cell Death of Erythrocytes in Xenopus Larvae Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

Michiko K. Sakamoto

Department of Anatomy, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589, Japan

Shin Mima

Department of Anatomy, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589, Japan

Kenichi P. Takahashi

Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, Osaka Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Habikino City, Osaka 589, Japan

Takashi Tanimura

Department of Anatomy, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589, Japan

Xenopus embryos were exposed to 200 ppb 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for 5 days from the 2- to 8-cell stage of cleavage to the early larval stage. Larvae that developed generalized edema were collected at 7 days after the end of TCDD exposure for light and electron microscopic studies. Erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the edematous larvae were examined. Between 0.3 and 33.9% of identifiable erythrocytes of exposed larvae had dilated perinuclear cisternae. Furthermore, some had extremely condensed nuclear chromatin usually coalesced against 1 pole of the nuclear membrane and overall compacted cytoplasm. The erythrocytes showing nuclear condensation were phagocytosed by macrophages. These features are typical of cells undergoing apoptosis. Anemia is 1 symptom of TCDD toxicity in various animal species, including mammals. In this study, we demonstrate that TCDD induces apoptotic cell death in circulating erythrocytes of Xenopus larvae, which may be 1 cause of anemia in this species.

Key Words: TCDD toxicity • Xenopus laevis • apoptosis • larval erythrocytes • histopathology • ultrastructure

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 25, No. 4, 398-402 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339702500409
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