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Toxicologic Pathology
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Journal Article

Normal Ultrastructure of the Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract

Jill W. Verlander

Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100224 Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0224

The mammalian urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The renal parenchyma is composed of the glomeruli and a heterogeneous array of tubule segments that are specialized in both function and structure and are arranged in a specific spatial distribution. The ultrastructure of the glomeruli and renal tubule cpithelia have been well characterized and the relationship between the cellular structure and the function of the various components of the kidney have been the subject of intense study by many investigators. The lower urinary tract, the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, which are histologically similar throughout, are composed of a mucosal layer lined by transitional epithelium, a tunica muscularis, and a tunica serosa or adventitia. The present manuscript reviews the normal ultrastructural morphology of the kidney and the lower urinary tract. The normal ultrastructure is illustrated using transmission electron microscopy of normal rat kidney and urinary bladder preserved by in vivo perfusion with glutaraldehyde fixative and processed in epoxy resin.

Key Words: Kidney • ultrastructure • anatomy • electron microscopy • collecting duct • distal nephron • proximal tubule • transitional epithelium

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1-17 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339802600101
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