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Toxicologic Pathology
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Evaluation of ENU-Induced Gliomas in Rats: Nomenclature, Immunochemistry, and Malignancy

Bernard C. Zook

The Departments of Pathology and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037

Samuel J. Simmens

The Departments of Pathology and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037

Robert V. Jones

The Departments of Pathology and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037

Rats developed mixed gliomas, oligodendrogliomas, and a few astrocytomas in response to transplacental ethylnitrosourea. The neoplastic cell composition of mixed gliomas must be defined; this study required a 20-80% admixture of neoplastic astrocytes and oligodendroglia for the diagnosis of mixed glioma. A battery of immunoantibodies, including Leu-7, S-100, and vimentin, were helpful in classifying rat gliomas, and the histologic features of each tumor type are described. Other brain tumor characteristics that may decide the outcome of carcinogenicity studies include incidence, multiplicity, latency, fatality, size, and malignancy. The size of tumors was determined by measuring their 3-dimensional volumes. Brain tumor volume was found to be highly correlated with malignancy and fatality. Systematic evaluation of the malignancy of brain tumors is an important but often overlooked adjunct method of measuring the effectiveness of a carcinogen. A system to estimate malignancy, one that grades 9 tumor characteristics and weights, each according to clinical outcome, was developed. It was found that mixed gliomas grew larger, had a shorter latency, and were significantly more malignant than were other gliomas.

Key Words: Brain tumors • chemical carcinogen • ethylnitrosourea • transplacental carcinogenisis

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 28, No. 1, 193-201 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/019262330002800124
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