Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Toxicologic Pathology
This Article
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow References
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Descotes, J.
Right arrow Articles by Vial, T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Descotes, J.
Right arrow Articles by Vial, T.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Responses of the Immune System to Injury

Jacques Descotes

Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France, jacques.descotes{at}chu_lyon.fr

Genevieve Choquet-Kastylevsky

Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France

Eric Van Ganse

Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France

Thierry Vial

Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France

Three categories of immunotoxic effects are identified: direct immunotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and autoimmunity. Direct immunotoxicity consists of immunosuppression and immunostimulation. Total abrogation of the immune response (immunosuppression) results in more frequent, severe, and often atypical and relapsing infections and lymphomas. Immunostimulation is associated with febrile reactions, the induction/facilitation of autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions to unrelated allergens, and impaired hepatic drug biotransformation. Hypersensitivity is manifested by a variety of symptoms involving either antigen-specific or non-antigen-specific humoral and cellular adverse responses. Autoimmune reactions are divided into organ-specific and systemic reactions. Because of the involvement of many redundant mechanisms, it is difficult to predict responses of the immune system to a given immunotoxic injury. In laboratory animals, histologic but also functional changes are necessary to show evidence of and to predict such adverse responses.

Key Words: Immunotoxicity • adverse effects • preclinical evaluation • risk assessment • immunosuppression • immunostimulation • hypersensitivity • autoimmunity

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 28, No. 3, 479-481 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/019262330002800319
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
L. Calderon-Garciduenas, M. Macias-Parra, H. J. Hoffmann, G. Valencia-Salazar, C. Henriquez-Roldan, N. Osnaya, O. C.-d. Monte, G. Barragan-Mejia, R. Villarreal-Calderon, L. Romero, et al.
Immunotoxicity and Environment: Immunodysregulation and Systemic Inflammation in Children
Toxicol Pathol, February 1, 2009; 37(2): 161 - 169.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
L. Tryphonas and C. Gopinath
A Synopsis of the Third International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists Conference
Toxicol Pathol, May 1, 2000; 28(3): 370 - 374.
[PDF]