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DOI: 10.1080/019262301316905336 Cellular and Cytokine Responses in the Circulation and Tissue Reactions in the Lung of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Pretreated with Cyclosporin A and Challenged with Staphylococcal Enterotoxin BDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, Jack.Komisar{at}na.amedd.Arm y.mil
Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Allergan, Inc, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612
Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201
US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground-EA, MD 21010
Department of Experimental Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500
Cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of T cell cytokine production, protects mice against staphylococca l enterotoxin B (SEB) intoxication. To determine whether CsA treatment would work in a species closer to humans, 4 rhesus monkeys were given 50 mg/kg CsA followed by an intratracheal challenge with approximately 6 LD50 of SEB. The CsA was not protective: one of the monkey s died and the other three had to be euthanized when they became moribund. All monkeys made IL-2, TNF, and IFN-
Key Words: Cytokines • immunosuppression • neutrophils • shock • superantigens • T lymphocytes • toxin
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in response to SEB. In addition, there was about a 10-fold increase in ACTH levels 2 hr after SEB challenge. CsA significantly suppressed in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from treated monkeys. Both CsA-treated monkeys and monkeys that had been challenged in a previous experiment with a lethal dose of SEB but had received no cyclosporin had pathologic changes in several organs. The most prominent changes were marked edema and leukocytic infiltration of the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa. The CsA treatment appeared to reduce the intensity of lung inflammation, but this effect was not sufficient to protect the monkeys. The results suggest that CsA alone may not be an effective therapeutic agent for humans suffering from SEB intoxication or gram-positive septic shock. 
