Toxicologic Pathology

 

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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 29, No. 5, 574-584 (2001)
DOI: 10.1080/019262301317226384

Salt Water-Acclimated Pink Salmon Fry (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Develop Stress-Related Visceral Lesions after 10-Day Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of the Water-Soluble Fraction of North Slope Crude Oil

Dawna G. Brand

Biology Department, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, dbrand{at}uvic.ca

Ron Fink

Global Fisheries Consultants Ltd, 13069 Marine Drive, White Rock, British Columbia, V4A 1N6

William Bengeyfield

Global Fisheries Consultants Ltd, 13069 Marine Drive, White Rock, British Columbia, V4A 1N6

Ian K. Birtwell

Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Sciences Branch, West Vancouver Laboratory, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, British Columbia, V7V 1N6, and

Carry D. Mcallister

Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Fisheries Research Branch Pacific Biological Station, Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9R 5K6

Pink salmon fry, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, after a 10-day exposure to one of two sublethal concentrations (25—54 µg·L-1 or 178—348 µg·L -1) of the water-soluble fractions from Alaska North Slope crude oil, possessed morphologic and stress induced lesions in their hepatic, head kidney and gill tissues. Analysis of livers from oil-exposed fry revealed a variety of hepatocellular changes, including steatosis, nuclear pleomorphism, megalocytosi s and necrosis. Epithelial proliferation of the bile ducts also occurred. An increase in the head kidney's interrenal cell nuclear diameter, a biomarker for stress responses, was correlated with hydrocarbon exposure. Gill abnormalities such as eqithelial lifting, fusion, mucous cell hyperplasia and vascular constriction were found in all test groups, but were more severe in fry given the high water soluble fraction of crude oil. The study demonstrated that sublethal exposure to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil results in multiple microscopic lesions (in several viscera) that are consistent with a pronounced response to environmental stress.

Key Words: Salmon fry • morphologic lesions • liver • head kidney • gill • crude oil.


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