|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Air Pollution and Brain Damage
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA, liliancalderon888{at}hotmail.com, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Biagio Azzarelli
Pathology Department, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, USA
Hilda Acuna
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Raquel Garcia
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Todd M. Gambling
Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA
Norma Osnaya
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Sylvia Monroy
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Maria Del Rosario Tizapantzi
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Johnny L. Carson
Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA
Anna Villarreal-Calderon
Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, 14410, Mexico
Barry Rewcastle
Pathology Department, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, T2S0R3, Canada
Exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants produces infl ammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Because the nasal cavity is a common portal of entry, respiratory and olfactory epithelia are vulnerable targets for toxicological damage. This study has evaluated, by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemica l expression of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF- B) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the olfactory and respiratory nasal mucosae, olfactory bulb, and cortical and subcortical structures from 32 healthy mongrel canine residents in Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), a highly polluted urban region. Findings were compared to those in 8 dogs from Tlaxcala, a less polluted, control city. In SWMMC dogs, expression of nuclear neuronal NF-B and iNOS in cortical endothelial cells occurred at ages 2 and 4 weeks; subsequent damage included alterations of the blood—brain barrier (BBB), degenerating cortical neurons, apoptotic glial white matter cells, deposition of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-positive lipid droplets in smooth muscle cells and pericytes, nonneuritic plaques , and neurofi brillary tangles. Persistent pulmonary infl ammation and deteriorating olfactory and respiratory barriers may play a role in the neuropathology observed in the brains of these highly exposed canines. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's may begin early in life with air pollutants playing a crucial role.
Key Words: Air pollution • Mexico City • canines • Alzheimer's • nasal epithelia • BBB • NFB • iNOS.
Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 30, No. 3,
373-389 (2002)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230252929954
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
L. Calderon-Garciduenas, A. Mora-Tiscareno, G. Gomez-Garza, M. D. C. Carrasco-Portugal, B. Perez-Guille, F. J. Flores-Murrieta, G. Perez-Guille, N. Osnaya, H. Juarez-Olguin, M. E. Monroy, et al.
Effects of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Preferential Inhibitor in Young Healthy Dogs Exposed to Air Pollution: A Pilot Study
Toxicol Pathol,
August 1, 2009;
37(5):
644 - 660.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sunyer
The neurological effects of air pollution in children
Eur. Respir. J.,
September 1, 2008;
32(3):
535 - 537.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Calderon-Garciduenas, A. C. Solt, C. Henriquez-Roldan, R. Torres-Jardon, B. Nuse, L. Herritt, R. Villarreal-Calderon, N. Osnaya, I. Stone, R. Garcia, et al.
Long-term Air Pollution Exposure Is Associated with Neuroinflammation, an Altered Innate Immune Response, Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Ultrafine Particulate Deposition, and Accumulation of Amyloid {beta}-42 and {alpha}-Synuclein in Children and Young Adults
Toxicol Pathol,
February 1, 2008;
36(2):
289 - 310.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. Suglia, A. Gryparis, R. O. Wright, J. Schwartz, and R. J. Wright
Association of Black Carbon with Cognition among Children in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
February 1, 2008;
167(3):
280 - 286.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Calderon-Garciduenas, M. Franco-Lira, R. Torres-Jardon, C. Henriquez-Roldan, G. Barragan-Mejia, G. Valencia-Salazar, A. Gonzalez-Maciel, R. Reynoso-Robles, R. Villarreal-Calderon, and W. Reed
Pediatric Respiratory and Systemic Effects of Chronic Air Pollution Exposure: Nose, Lung, Heart, and Brain Pathology
Toxicol Pathol,
January 1, 2007;
35(1):
154 - 162.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Calderon-Garciduenas, W. Reed, R. R. Maronpot, C. Henriquez-Roldan, R. Delgado-Chavez, A. Calderon-Garciduenas, I. Dragustinovis, M. Franco-Lira, M. Aragon-Flores, A. C. Solt, et al.
Brain Inflammation and Alzheimer's-Like Pathology in Individuals Exposed to Severe Air Pollution
Toxicol Pathol,
October 1, 2004;
32(6):
650 - 658.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Calderon-Garciduenas, R. R. Maronpot, R. Torres-Jardon, C. Henriquez-Roldan, R. Schoonhoven, H. Acuna-Ayala, A. Villarreal-Calderon, J. Nakamura, R. Fernando, W. Reed, et al.
DNA Damage in Nasal and Brain Tissues of Canines Exposed to Air Pollutants Is Associated with Evidence of Chronic Brain Inflammation and Neurodegeneration
Toxicol Pathol,
August 1, 2003;
31(5):
524 - 538.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
