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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 32, No. 1 suppl, 67-71 (2004)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230490430728

Molecular Profiling of Cancer

John W. Gillespie

Science Applications International Corporation, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, jgill{at}mail.nih.gov

Gallya Gannot

Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Michael A. Tangrea

Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Mamoun Ahram

Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

Carolyn J.M. Best

Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Verena E. Bichsel

Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, Bern, Switzerland

Emmanuel F. Petricoin

Center for Biologics and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Michael R. Emmert-Buck

Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Rodrigo F. Chuaqui

Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

The objective of molecular profiling of cancer is to determine the differential expression of genes and proteins from human tissue in the progression from normal precursor tissue to preneoplastic tissue to cancer in order to discover diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers. With the development of high-throughput analytical techniques such as microarrays and 2-D PAGE as well as the development of tools for cell procurement from histological sections such as laser capture microdissection (LCM), it is now possible to perform molecular analyses on specific cell populations from tissue. Since recognition of specific cell populations is critical, there is a need to optimize fixation and embedding not only to improve preservation of biomolecules, but also to maintain excellent histology. We have shown that 70% ethanol fixation of prostate tissue improves the recovery of DNA, RNA, and proteins over routine formalin fixation and maintains histological quality comparable to formalin. There is also a need to develop new technologies in order to expand the range of tissue types that can be analyzed. The development and applications of Layered Expression Scanning (LES) for the molecular analysis of whole tissue sections are discussed.

Key Words: Molecular • profiling • expression • cancer • microdissection • expression • protein • gene.


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