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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 34, No. 5, 616-630 (2006)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230600941340
© 2006 Society of Toxicologic Pathology

Articles

Immunohistochemical Markers for the Rodent Immune System

Jerrold M. Ward1, Cindy R. Erexson1, Lawrence J. Faucette1, Julie F. Foley2, Christine Dijkstra3 and Giorgio Cattoretti4

1 Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8135, USA
2 Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
3 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, RBP, New York 10032, USA

Correspondence: Address correspondence to: Dr. J. M. Ward, Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-8135, USA; e-mail:jw116y{at}nih.gov

The responses to insults including chemical toxins, irradiation and infectious agents involve morphologic, biochemical and molecular changes in the immune system. The changes in specific tissues and cells often can be detected by histopathology and its associated field of immunohistochemisty (IHC). Cells normally express specific proteins (antigens) that can be detected by IHC. When responses to xenobiotics occur, cells often up or down regulate proteins. The art of IHC requires specialized procedures for detection of antigens. Fixation, tissue processing, immunoreactions and antigen retrieval methods are important elements of IHC. We review the antibodies, their sources, use of frozen or fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and specific IHC methods including antigen retrieval and illustrate how they can be effectively used to characterize the immunotoxicologic effects of agents.

Key Words: Tissue fixation • antigen retrieval • rat • mouse • B cells • T cells


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