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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 35, No. 7, 984-999 (2007)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230701748305
© 2007 Society of Toxicologic Pathology

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Pathogenesis, Induced Rodent Models and Lesions

Alok K. Sharma

Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Department of Pathology, Covance Laboratories Inc., Madison, WI, 53704, USA, Alok.Sharma{at}covance.com

Rachel Y. Reams

Department of Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA

William H. Jordan

Department of Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA

Margaret A. Miller

Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

H. Leon Thacker

Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

Paul W. Snyder

Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), the most common epilepsy in adults, is generally intractable and is suspected to be the result of recurrent excitation or inhibition circuitry. Recurrent excitation and the development of seizures have been associated with aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus. Of the animal models developed to investigate the pathogenesis of MTLE, post-status epilepticus models have received the greatest acceptance because they are characterized by a latency period, the development of spontaneous motor seizures, and a spectrum of lesions like those of MTLE. Among post-status epilepticus models, induction of systemic kainic acid or pilocarpine-induced epilepsy is less labor-intensive than electrical-stimulation models and these models mirror the clinicopathologic features of MTLE more closely than do kindling, tetanus toxin, hyperthermia, post-traumatic, and perinatal hypoxia/ischemia models. Unfortunately, spontaneous motor seizures do not develop in kindling or adult hyperthermia models and are not a consistent finding in tetanus toxin-induced or perinatal hypoxia/ischemia models. This review presents the mechanistic hypotheses for seizure induction, means of model induction, and associated pathology, especially as compared to MTLE patients. Animal models are valuable tools not only to study the pathogenesis of MTLE, but also to evaluate potential antiepileptogenic drugs.

Key Words: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy • MTLE • rodent models • hippocampus • seizures • mechanisms • histopathology • lesions.


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