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Toxicologic Pathology
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Articles

The Macaque Endometrium, with Special Reference to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Eric van Esch1, J. Mark Cline2, Eberhard Buse3 and Gerhard F. Weinbauer4

1 Department of Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Schering-Plough, the Netherlands
2 Wake Forest University, Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
3 Covance Laboratories GmbH, Germany
4 Covance Laboratories GmbH, Germany

Correspondence: Eric Van Esch, Schering-Plough (formerly Organon), Department of Toxicology and Drug Disposition, P.O. Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands; e-mail:eric.van.esch{at}spcorp.com

The macaque endometrium undergoes dramatic morphologic and functional changes during the menstrual cycle that are nearly identical to those of the human endometrium. The sequential events that take place in the endometrium are mainly driven by the ovarian steroids and their respective receptors. To be able to interpret the changes and effects induced by mammalian or synthetic hormones and other compounds that could have influence on the hormonal status of the animal, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and histology of the cyclic hormone-mediated processes within the endometrium is indispensable. In this paper we give an overview of uterine growth and development, anatomy, basic histology, aging, spontaneous pathology, and the techniques to study the endometrium in-life. In addtion, a comprehensive description of the receptor-mediated, hormone-driven morphological changes during the menstrual cycle in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is given. Where possible, differences between the macaque and human endometria are discussed.

Competing Interests: This article was sponsored by Covance Inc. and Schering-Plough. Gerhard F. Weinbauer and Eberhard Buse are employed by Covance Inc. Eric Van Esch is employed by Schering-Plough. No other competing interests were declared.

Key Words: female reproduction • endometrium • histology • menstrual cycle • hormone receptors • endometrial dating • cynomolgus monkey

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 36, No. 7 Suppl, 67S-100S (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0192623308326149
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