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Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation

Metabolic Institute of America, Tarzana, California, USA

Correspondence: Yehuda Handelsman, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.E, Medical Director, Metabolic Institute of America, 18372 Clark St., Suite 212, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA; e-mail:yhandelsman{at}pacbell.net.

Metabolic syndrome is a relatively new definition, designed to help the health care practitioner to easily identify people at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. With the obesity epidemic, we are witnessing an epidemic of multiple-risk patients. Insulin resistance is the perceived pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and defines its clinical presentation. Hypertension, dyslipedemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, fatty liver disease, pre-diabetes, sleep and breathing disorder, certain cancers, and cognitive impairment are many of the presentations of the syndrome; patients with any of these conditions are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome helps identify people at risk to allow early intervention for prevention. Lifestyle modification is the most important part of the management of people with the syndrome. Lately medications—though none approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—have been recommended by major medical societies when lifestyle modification is not enough or when it fails.

Key Words: metabolic syndrome • obesity • insulin resistance • pre-diabetes • hypertension • dyslipedemia • polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) • sleep and breathing disorder • lifestyle modification • cardiovascular disease • diabetes

This version was published on January 1, 2009

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 37, No. 1, 18-20 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0192623308329288


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