Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Toxicologic Pathology
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wells, M. Y.
Right arrow Articles by Guittin, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wells, M. Y.
Right arrow Articles by Guittin, P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Changes in Clinical Pathology Parameters During Gestation in the New Zealand White Rabbit

Monique Y. Wells

L'OREAL, Centre de Recherche Charles Zviak, 92583 Clichy Cedex, France

Catherine P.-M. Decobecq

Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France, catherine.DECOBECQ{at}RP-RORER.fr.

Danièle M. Decouvelaere

Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France

Corinne Justice

Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France

Pierre Guittin

Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France

Hematology and serum chemistry parameters were analyzed in 2 groups of pregnant rabbits to assess changes in these parameters over the course of gestation. These data were used to generate a historical control reference range for embryofetal development regulatory toxicology studies. During the 28-day gestation period, the following major changes were observed. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased slightly up to day 13 and subsequently decreased progressively to a nadir for all parameters on day 25. Reticulocyte counts increased maximally by day 16 and then decreased to a minimum value on day 28. White blood cell counts progressively declined after day 7. Platelet counts increased slightly by day 10, were relatively stable until day 13, then progressively decreased to a nadir on day 25. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferease values increased steadily throughout the study to reach a maximum value on day 25. Triglycerides increased to their maximum value by day 19 and then steadily decreased until day 28, whereas cholesterol decreased progressively to reach a nadir on day 25. Urea and total protein decreased steadily from day 13 onward. Calcium values decreased throughout the study to reach a minimum value on day 28. Phosphorus values increased slightly on days 7 and 13 and then progressively decreased to reach a nadir on day 28. With a few exceptions, changes that occur in clinical pathology parameters during pregnancy in the rabbit are similar to those observed in pregnant women. Therefore, the rabbit can be considered a suitable species for embryofetal development toxicity studies with regard to clinical pathology.

Key Words: Pregnancy • hematology • serum chemistry • regulatory toxicology • embryofetal development toxicity studies • historical control data

References

  • Abe F., Miyamoto N., Tahara Y., Takahashi J., and Shima K. (1993). Serum glycated albumin concentrations during pregnancy. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 30: 198-200.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Alberty R. (1993). Biological variability of twenty-five serum analytes during normal pregnancy. Clin. Chem. Acta 214: 245-248.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bacq Y. and Zarka O. (1994). La foie au cours de la grossesse normale. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 18: 767-774.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Baylis C. (1980). Glomerular filtration rate and plasma volume in the pregnant rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 305: 49P-50P
  • Berg B., Petersohn L., Helm G., and Tryding N. (1984). Reference values for serum components in pregnant women. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 63: 583-586.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Berkow R. (1977). Gynecology and obstetrics. In: The Merck Manual, 13th ed., R Berkow (ed). Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, pp 934-936.
  • Brent GA (1997). Maternal thyroid function: Interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 40: 3-15.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Challis Jrg, Davies IJ, and Ryan KJ (1973). The concentrations of progesterone, estrone and estradiol-17β in the plasma of pregnant rabbits. Endocrinology 93: 971-976[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Chiang AN, Yang ML, Hung JH, Chou P., Shyn SK, and Ng HT (1995). Alterations of serum lipid levels and their biological relevances during and after pregnancy. Life Sci. 56: 2367-2375.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Cincotta R., Balloch A., Metz J., Layton J., and Leischke G. (1995). Physiological neutrophilia of pregnancy is not associated with a rise in plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Am. J. Hematol. 48: 288.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Efrati P., Presentey B., Margalith M., and Rozenszajn L. (1964). Leukocytes of normal pregnant women. Obstet. Gynecol. 23: 429-432.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fenton V., Saundus K., and Cavill I. (1977). The platelet count in pregnancy. J. Clin. Pathol. 30: 68-69.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Feussner E., Lightkep G., Hennesy R., Hoberman A., and Christian M. (1992). A decade of rabbit fertility data: Study of historical control animals. Teratology 46: 349-365.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Fox RR (1989). The rabbit. In: The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals, WF Loeb and FW Quimby (eds). Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 41-46.
  • Garnero P., Sornay-Rendu E., and Delmas PD (1995). Decreased bone turnover in oral contraceptive users. Bone 16: 499-503.
  • Gilbert M., Hauguel S., and Bouisset M. (1984). Uterine blood flow and substrate uptake in conscious rabbit during late gestation. Endocrinol. Metab. 10: E574-E580.
  • Gilbert M., Hay W., Johnson R., and Battiglia R. (1984). Some aspects of maternal metabolism throughout pregnancy in the conscious rabbit. Pediatr. Res. 18: 854-859.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • González-Mariscal G., Díaz-Sánchez V., Melo AI, Beyer C., and Rosenblatt JS (1994). Maternal behavior in New Zealand White rabbits: Quantification of somatic events, motor patterns, and steroid plasma levels. Physiol. Behav. 55: 1081-1089.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gustafsson J. (1976). Improved specificity of serum albumin determination and estimation of "acute phase reactants" by use of the bromcresol green reaction. Clin. Chem. 22: 616-622.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Harrington FE and Rothermel JD (1977). Daily changes in peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant and pseudo-pregnant rabbits. Life Sci. 20: 1333-1340.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hartman H. (1974). The fetus in experimental teratology. In: The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbbit, S Weisbroth, R Flatt, and A Kraus (eds). Academic Press, New York, pp. 91-153.
  • Hoffmann W. and Dorner J. (1977). Disappearance rates of intravenously injected canine alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38: 1553-1556.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Horger L. and Zarrow M. (1957). Certain endocrine aspects of the anemia of pregnancy in the rabbit. Am. J. Physiol. 189: 407-411.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Howells M., Jones S., Napier A., Saunders K., and Cavill I. (1986). Erythropoiesis in pregnancy. Br. J. Haematol. 64: 595-599.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jain NC (1986). Erythropoiesis and its regulation. In: Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, 4th ed., NC Jain (ed). Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 487-513.
  • Kaneko JJ (1989). Thyroid function. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 4th ed., J Kaneko (ed). Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 638-640.
  • Kent GN, Price RI, Gutteridge DH, Allen JR, Rosman KJ, Smith M., Bhagat CI, Wilson SG, and Retallack RW (1993). Effect of pregnancy and lactation on maternal bone mass and calcium metabolism. Osteopor. Int. Suppl. 1: S44-S47.
  • Khan-Dawood FS and Dawood MY (1984). Implantation of the rabbit blastocyst: Sequential changes in estradiol and progesterone and their receptors. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 150: 450-455.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kimmel CA and Price CJ (1990). Developmental toxicity studies. In: Handbook of In Vivo Toxicity Testing, DL Arnold, HC Grice, and DR Krewski (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 271-301.
  • Kramer J. (1989). Clinical enzymology. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 4th ed., J Kaneko (ed). Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 339-360.
  • Kriesten K. and Murawski U. (1988). Concentrations of serum cortisol, progesterone, estradiol-17β, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester in the doe during the reproductive stadium, in the fetal serum, in the amniotic fluid and in the milk of rabbits, as well as correlations between these parameters. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90A: 413-420.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kriesten K., Murawski U., and Schmidtmann W. (1987). Haematological values during normal reproduction of the maternal and fetal rabbit. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 87A: 479-485.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kurhade G., Khanorkar S., Puranik B., Kher J., Patwardhan S. and Agrawal S. (1994). Serum level of iron and transferrin in pregnancy and postpartum period. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 38: 34-38. 34. Lebas F. (1975). Etude chez la lapine de l'influence du niveau d'alimentation durant la gestation. Ann. Zootech. 24: 267-279[CrossRef]
  • Lind T. ( 1980). Clinical chemistry of pregnancy. In: Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Vol 21, A Latner and M Schwartz (eds). Academic Press, London, pp. 1-24.
  • Longo L. (1983). Maternal blood volume and cardiac output during pregnancy: A hypothesis of endocrine control. Am. J. Physiol. 245: R720-R729.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lurie S. (1993). Changes in age distribution of erythrocytes during pregnancy: A longitudinal study. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 36: 141-144.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lurie S. (1995). Changes in platelet volume and count during pregnancy: A longitudinal study. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 40: 71-72.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mazurkiewicz J., Watts G., Warburton F., Slavin B., Lowy C., and Koukkou E. (1994). Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in pregnant non-diabetic patients. J. Clin. Pathol. 47: 728-731.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Mercelina-Roumans P., Ubachs J., and van Wersch J. (1994). Leucocyte count and leucocyte differential in smoking and non-smoking females during pregnancy. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 55: 169-173.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mercelina-Roumans P., Ubachs J., and van Wersch J. (1994). Erythrocyte count and indices during normal pregnancy of non-smoking and smoking women. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 57: 25-28.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mercelina-Roumans P., Ubachs J., and van Wersch J. (1995). The reticulocyte count and its subfractions in smoking and non-smoking women. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 33: 263-265.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mercelina-Roumans P., Ubachs J., and van Wersch J. (1995). Platelet count and platelet indices at various stages of normal pregnancy in smoking and non-smoking women. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 33: 267-269.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Milman N., Graudal N., and Agger A. (1995). Iron status markers during pregnancy—No relationship between levels at the beginning of the second trimester, prior to delivery and post partum. J. Int. Med. 237: 261-267.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Nagy G. (1993). Studies on carbohydrate metabolism in physiological pregnancy. Zentralbl. Gynakol. 115: 41-45.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Peck T. and Arias F. (1979). Hematologic changes associated with pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 22: 785-798.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pedrazzoni M., Alfano FS, Girasole G., Guiliani N., Fantuzzi M., Gatti C., Campanini C., and Passeri M. (1996). Clinical observations with a new specific assay for bone alkaline phosphatase: A cross-sectional study in osteoporotic and pagetic subjects and a longitudinal evaluation of the response to ovariectomy, estrogens, and bisphosphonates. Calcif. Tissue Int. 59: 334-338.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pitkin R. (1985). Calcium metabolism in pregnancy and the prenatal period: A review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 151: 99-109.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rinder H., Bonan J., Anandan S., Rinder C., Rodrigues P., and Smith (1994 ). Noninvasive measurement of platelet kinetics in normal and hypertensive pregnancies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 170: 117-122.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rosenau L., Douay O., Morel B., Lebouvier B., and Grosieux P. (1994). Taux sérique gravidique des phosphatases alcalines. J. Gynecol. Obstret. Biol. Reprod. 23: 175-179.
  • Salakhova NS, Kalyaeva TA, and Turakulov YK (1975). The functional state of the thyroid gland of the mother and fetus in the prenatal development of rabbits. Sov. J. Dev. Biol. 5: 368-371.
  • Salameh W. and Mastrogiannis D. (1994). Maternal hyperlipidemia in pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 37: 66-77.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Seki K., Wada S., Nagata N., and Nagata I. (1994). Parathyroid hormone-related protein during pregnancy and the prenatal period. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 37: 83-86.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Silversmit DB, Barry Hughes L, and Remington M. (1972). Hypolipidemic effect of pregnancy in the rabbit. J. Lipid Res. 13: 750-756.[Abstract]
  • Stock M. and Metcalfe J. (1994). Maternal physiology during gestation. In: The Physiology of Reproduction, Vol. 2, 2nd ed., E Knobil and J Neill (eds). Raven Press, New York, pp. 947-983.
  • Todd M., Thompson J., Bowie E., and Owen C. (1965). Changes in blood coagulation during pregnancy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 40: 370-383.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Turakulov IK, Salakhova NS, and Tashkhodzhaeva TP (1977). State of the pituitary-thyroid gland system in pregnant rabbits, fetuses, and newborn rabbits. Biull. Eksp. Biol. Med. 83: 476-479.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Viard-Drouet F., Provot F., and Coudert P. (1984). Evolution de paramètres plasmatiques chez des lapines reproductrices en fonction de l'état physiologique et du rationnement alimentaire. Ann. Rech. Vét. 15: 417-424.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Walden CE, Knopp RH, Johnson JL, Heiss G., Wahl PW, and Hoover JJ (1986). Effect of estrogen: progestin potency on clinical chemistry measures. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 123: 517-531.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Watney P. and Rudd B. (1974). Calcium metabolism in pregnancy and in the newborn. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 81: 210-219.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Whittaker P. (1993). The intravascular mass of albumin during human pregnancy: A serial study in normal and diabetic women. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 100: 587-592.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Zarrow M. and Zarrow I. (1953). Anemia in the rabbit during pregnancy and following treatment with water soluble ovarian extracts. Endocrinology 52: 424-435.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Zivny J., Kobilkova J., Neuwirt J., and Andrasova V. (1982). Regulation of erythropoiesis in fetus and mother during normal pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 60: 77-81.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 27, No. 3, 370-379 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/019262339902700315
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J Wildl DisHome page
D. M. Black, K. V. K. Gilardi, L. P. Hamilton, E. Williams, D. F. Williams, P. A. Kelly, and I. Gardner
Hematologic and Biochemistry Reference Values for the Endangered Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus Bachmani Riparius)
J. Wildl. Dis., April 1, 2009; 45(2): 491 - 496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wells, M. Y.
Right arrow Articles by Guittin, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wells, M. Y.
Right arrow Articles by Guittin, P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?