Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Toxicologic Pathology
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Brenneman, K. A.
Right arrow Articles by Dorman, D. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Brenneman, K. A.
Right arrow Articles by Dorman, D. C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Olfactory Neuron Loss in Adult Male CD Rats Following Subchronic Inhalation Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide

Karrie A. Brenneman

Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, brenneman{at}ciit.org

R. Arden James

Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Elizabeth A. Gross

Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

David C. Dorman

Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Dysosmia and anosmia are reported to occur following human exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. The clinical association between H2S exposure and olfactory dysfunction in humans necessitates evaluation of the nasal cavity and olfactory system in experimental animals used to study H2S toxicity. The purpose of this study was to subchronically expose 10-week-old male CD rats to relatively low concentrations of H2S and to histologically evaluate the nasal cavity for exposure-related lesions. Rats (n = 12/ group) were exposed via inhalation to 0, 10, 30, or 80 ppm H2S 6 h/d and 7 d/wk for 10 weeks. Following exposure to 30 and 80 ppm H2S, a significant increase in nasal lesions limited to the olfactory mucosa was observed. The lesions, which consisted of olfactory neuron loss and basal cell hyperplasia, were multifocal, bilaterally symmetrical, and had a characteristic rostrocaudal distribution pattern. Regions of the nasal cavity affected included the dorsal medial meatus and the dorsal and medial portions of the ethmoid recess. The no observed adverse effect level for olfactory lesions in this study was 10 ppm. For perspective, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value (TLV) recommendation for H 2S is currently 10 ppm (proposed revision: 5 ppm), so the concentrations employed in the present study were 3 and 8 times the TLV. These findings suggest that subchronic inhalation exposure to a relatively low level of H2 S (30 ppm) can result in olfactory toxicity in rats. However, because of differences in the breathing style and nasal anatomy of rats and humans, additional research is required to determine the significance of these results for human health risk assessment.

Key Words: Hydrogen sulfide • olfactory neuron loss • olfactory basal cell hyperplasia • rat • subchronic • inhalation exposure • toxicity

References

  • Beauchamp RO, Bus JS, Popp JA, Boreiko CJ, Andjelkovich DA (1984). A critical review of the literature on hydrogen sulfide toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 13: 25-97.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Boorman GA, Morgan KT, Uriah LC (1990). Nose, larynx, and trachea. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat, Boorman GA, Eustis SL, Elwell MR, Montgomery CA Jr, MacKenzie WF (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, California, p 321.
  • Dorman DC, Brenneman KA, Struve MF, Miller KL, James RA, Marshall MW, Foster Pmd (2000). Fertility and developmental neurotoxicity effects of inhaled hydrogen sulfide in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 22: 71-84.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hevner RF, Liu S., Wong-Riley Mtt (1995). A metabolic map of cytochrome oxidase in the rat brain: Histochemical, densitometric and biochemical studies. Neuroscience 65: 313-342.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kimbell JS, Godo MN, Gross EA, Joyner DR, Richardson RB, Morgan KT (1997). Computer simulation of inspiratory airflow in all regions of the F344 rat nasal passages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 145: 388-398.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Landahl HD, Herrman RG (1950). Retention of vapors and gases in the human nose and lung. AMA Arch Ind Hyg 1: 36-45.
  • Lang J. (1989). Mucosa of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In: Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, Lang J (ed). Thieme Medical, New York, p 119.
  • Lopez A., Prior M., Yong S., Lillie L., Lefebvre M. (1988). Nasal lesions in rats exposed to hydrogen sulfide for four hours. Am J Vet Res 49: 1107-1111.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Méry S., Gross EA, Joyner DR, Godo M., Morgan KT (1994). Nasal diagrams: A tool for recording the distribution of nasal lesions in rats and mice. Toxicol Pathol 22: 353-372.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Morgan KT (1991). Approaches to the identification and recording of nasal lesions in toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol 19: 337-351.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Morgan KT, Monticello TM (1990). Airflow, gas deposition, and lesion distribution in the nasal passages. Environ Health Perspect 85: 209-218.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • National Research Council (1996). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academic Press, Washington, DC, p 125.
  • Potter DW, Finch L., Udinksy JR (1995). Glutathione content and turnover in rat nasal epithelia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 135: 185-191.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Proctor DF, Chang Jcf (1983). Comparative anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity. In: Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, Vol I, Anatomy, Physiology, and Epidemiology, Reznik G, Stinson SF (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1-33.
  • Schreider JP (1983). Nasal airway anatomy and inhalation deposition in experimental animals and people. In: Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, Vol III, Experimental Nasal Carcinogenesis, Reznik G, Stinson SF (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1-25.
  • Thornton-Manning JR, Nikulsa KJ, Hotchkiss JA, Avila KJ, Rohrbacher KD, Ding X., Dahl AR (1997). Nasal cytochrome P450 2A: Identification, regional localization, and metabolic activity toward hexamethylphosphoramide, a known nasal carcinogen. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 142: 22-30.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Tvedt B., Skyberg K., Aaserud O., Hebbesland A., Matheisen T. (1991). Brain damage caused by hydrogen sulfide: A follow-up study of six patients. Am J Ind Med 20: 91-101.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1993). Health assessment document for hydrogen sulfide. Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 28, No. 2, 326-333 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/019262330002800213
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
E. S. Roberts, R. S. Thomas, and D. C. Dorman
Gene Expression Changes Following Acute Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)-induced Nasal Respiratory Epithelial Injury
Toxicol Pathol, June 1, 2008; 36(4): 560 - 567.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cardiovasc ResHome page
W.-J. Cai, M.-J. Wang, P. K. Moore, H.-M. Jin, T. Yao, and Y.-C. Zhu
The novel proangiogenic effect of hydrogen sulfide is dependent on Akt phosphorylation
Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2007; 76(1): 29 - 40.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol SciHome page
J. D. Schroeter, J. S. Kimbell, M. E. Andersen, and D. C. Dorman
Use of a Pharmacokinetic-Driven Computational Fluid Dynamics Model to Predict Nasal Extraction of Hydrogen Sulfide in Rats and Humans
Toxicol. Sci., December 1, 2006; 94(2): 359 - 367.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
J. R. Harkema, S. A. Carey, and J. G. Wagner
The Nose Revisited: A Brief Review of the Comparative Structure, Function, and Toxicologic Pathology of the Nasal Epithelium
Toxicol Pathol, April 1, 2006; 34(3): 252 - 269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol SciHome page
J. D. Schroeter, J. S. Kimbell, A. M. Bonner, K. C. Roberts, M. E. Andersen, and D. C. Dorman
Incorporation of Tissue Reaction Kinetics in a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Nasal Extraction of Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide in Rats
Toxicol. Sci., March 1, 2006; 90(1): 198 - 207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Chem SensesHome page
R. Hudson, A. Arriola, M. Martinez-Gomez, and H. Distel
Effect of Air Pollution on Olfactory Function in Residents of Mexico City
Chem Senses, January 1, 2006; 31(1): 79 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol SciHome page
F. J.-M. Moulin, K. A. Brenneman, J. S. Kimbell, and D. C. Dorman
Predicted Regional Flux of Hydrogen Sulfide Correlates with Distribution of Nasal Olfactory Lesions in Rats
Toxicol. Sci., March 1, 2002; 66(1): 7 - 15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
K. A. Brenneman, D. F. Meleason, M. Sar, M. W. Marshall, R. A. James, E. A. Gross, J. T. Martin, and D. C. Dorman
Olfactory Mucosal Necrosis in Male CD Rats Following Acute Inhalation Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide: Reversibility and the Possible Role of Regional Metabolism
Toxicol Pathol, February 1, 2002; 30(2): 200 - 208.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol SciHome page
D. C. Dorman, F. J.-M. Moulin, B. E. McManus, K. C. Mahle, R. A. James, and M. F. Struve
Cytochrome Oxidase Inhibition Induced by Acute Hydrogen Sulfide Inhalation: Correlation with Tissue Sulfide Concentrations in the Rat Brain, Liver, Lung, and Nasal Epithelium
Toxicol. Sci., January 1, 2002; 65(1): 18 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Brenneman, K. A.
Right arrow Articles by Dorman, D. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Brenneman, K. A.
Right arrow Articles by Dorman, D. C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?