|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 28, No. 3,
479-481 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/019262330002800319
Responses of the Immune System to Injury
Jacques Descotes
Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France, jacques.descotes{at}chu_lyon.fr
Genevieve Choquet-Kastylevsky
Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France
Eric Van Ganse
Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France
Thierry Vial
Lyon Poison Center and INSERM U 503, Faculté de Médicine Lyon-RTH, Lyon, France
Three categories of immunotoxic effects are identified: direct immunotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and autoimmunity. Direct immunotoxicity consists of immunosuppression and immunostimulation. Total abrogation of the immune response (immunosuppression) results in more frequent, severe, and often atypical and relapsing infections and lymphomas. Immunostimulation is associated with febrile reactions, the induction/facilitation of autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions to unrelated allergens, and impaired hepatic drug biotransformation. Hypersensitivity is manifested by a variety of symptoms involving either antigen-specific or non-antigen-specific humoral and cellular adverse responses. Autoimmune reactions are divided into organ-specific and systemic reactions. Because of the involvement of many redundant mechanisms, it is difficult to predict responses of the immune system to a given immunotoxic injury. In laboratory animals, histologic but also functional changes are necessary to show evidence of and to predict such adverse responses.
Key Words: Immunotoxicity • adverse effects • preclinical evaluation • risk assessment • immunosuppression • immunostimulation • hypersensitivity • autoimmunity
References
- Bigazzi PE (1997). Autoimmunity induced by xenobiotics. Toxicology 119: 1-21.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Birkeland SA, Hamilton-Dutoit S., Sandvej K., Andersen Hmk, Bendtzen K., Møller B., Jørgensen KA (1995). EBV-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Transplant Proc 27: 3467-3472.[ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Coombs Rra, Gell Pgh (1968). Classification of allergic reactions responsible for drug hypersensitivity reactions. In: Clinical Aspects of Immunology, 2nd ed, Coombs RRA, Gells PGH (eds). F. A. Davis, New York, pp 575-596.
- Descotes J. (1998). An Introduction to Immunotoxicology. Taylor and Francis, London.
- Descotes J. (1999). Immunotoxicology of Drugs and Chemicals: An Experimental and Clinical Approach, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- DeShazo RD, Kemp SF ( 1997). Allergic reactions to drugs and biologic agents. JAMA 278: 1895-1906.[Abstract]
- Manning ME, Stevenson DD (1991). Pseudoallergic drug reactions. Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dyes, additives, and preservatives. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 11: 659-676.[ISI]
- Miossec P. (1997). Cytokine-induced autoimmune disorders. Drug Safety 17: 93-104.[ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Renton KW, Armstrong SG (1994). Immune-mediated downregulation of cytochrome P450 and related drug biotransformation. In: Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology, 2nd ed, Dean JH, Luster MI, Munson AE, Kimber I (eds). Raven Press, New York, pp 501-512.
- Rubin RH, Young LS (1994). Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host, 3rd ed. Plenum Medical, New York.
- Selgrade Mjk, Cooper KD, Devlin RB, Van Loveren H, Biagini RE, Luster MI (1995). Immunotoxicity—Bridging the gap between animal research and human health effects. Fundam Appl Toxicol 24: 13-21.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Van Loveren H, Goettsch W., Slob W., Garssen J. (1997). Risk assessment for the harmful effects of immunotoxic agents on the immunological resistance to infectious diseases: Ultraviolet light as an example. Toxicology 119: 59-64.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Vial T., Descotes J. (1995). Immune-mediated side-effects of cytokines in man. Toxicology 105: 31-57.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Vial T., Descotes J. (1996). Drugs affecting the immune system. In: Meyler's Side-Effects of Drugs, 13th ed, Dukes MNG (ed). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1090-1165.
- Vial T., Nicolas B., Descotes J. (1994). Drug-induced autoimmunity: Experience of the French Pharmacovigilance system. Toxicology 119: 23-27.[CrossRef][ISI]
- Vial T., Nicolas B., Descotes J. (1996). Clinical immunotoxicology of pesticides. J Toxicol Environ Health 48: 215-229.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
L. Tryphonas and C. Gopinath
A Synopsis of the Third International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists Conference
Toxicol Pathol,
May 1, 2000;
28(3):
370 - 374.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
