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Toxicologic Pathology
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Ovarian Toxicity of 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide: A Mechanistic Model

Patricia B. Hoyer

Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, hoyer{at}u.arizona.edu, Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724

Patrick J. Devine

Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724

Xiaoming Hu

Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724

Kary E. Thompson

Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724

I. Glenn Sipes

Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724

Female mammals are born with a fi nite number of ovarian primordial follicles that cannot be regenerated; thus, chemicals that destroy oocytes contained in these follicles can produce premature ovarian failure (early menopuase in women). Exposure of women to known ovotoxicants, such as contaminants in cigarette smoke, is associated with early menopause. Thus, the potential risks posed by ovotoxic chemicals is of concern. Our studies have focused on the environmental chemical 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH), which is produced during the manufacture of rubber tires, flame retardants, insecticides, plasticizers, and antioxidants. Dosing of female rats and mice with the ovotoxic diepoxide metabolite of VCH, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), for 30 days destroyed the majority of ovarian primordial follicles. Using VCD in rats as a generalized model for ovotoxicity, we determined that 1) repeated daily dosing is required, 2) cell death is via apoptosis, and 3) altered expression of specific genes is involved. An integrated approach at the morphologic, biochemical, and molecular level was used to support these conclusions. Studies in isolated rat small preantral follicles (targeted for VCD-induced ovotoxicity) focused on the role of cell death genes, mitochondrion-associated events, and VCD metabolism. We also evaluated how this information relates to human risk for early menopause. These animal research results provide a better understanding of the potential risk of human exposure to environmental ovarian toxicants and greater insight as to the impact of these toxicants on reproductive health in women.

Key Words: Ovotoxicity • preantral follicles • menopause • polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons • apoptosis

References

Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 29, No. 1, 91-99 (2001)
DOI: 10.1080/019262301301418892
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This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
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Right arrow Email this article to a friend
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Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
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Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hoyer, P. B.
Right arrow Articles by Sipes, I. G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hoyer, P. B.
Right arrow Articles by Sipes, I. G.
Social Bookmarking
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What's this?