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Subchronic Sodium Chlorate Exposure in Drinking Water Results in a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Rat Thyroid Follicular Cell Hyperplasia

Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

Anthony B. Deangelo

Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

Michael H. George

Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

Elias T. Gaillard

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877

Gregory S. Travlos

National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Gary A. Boorman

National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Douglas C. Wolf

Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, wolf.doug{at}epamail.epa.gov

Chlorine dioxide (ClO ₂) is an effective drinking water disinfectant, but sodium chlorate (NaClO₃) has been identified as a potentially harmful disinfection by-product. Studies were performed to describe the development of thyroid lesions in animals exposed to NaClO₃ in the drinking water. Male and female F344 rats and B6C3F₁ mice were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/L NaClO₃ for 21 days. Additional male F344 rats were exposed to 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 2.0 g/L NaClO ₃ for 90 days. Female F344 rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 g/L of NaClO₃ for 105 days. Thyroid tissues were processed by routine methods for light microscopic examination, and follicular cell hyperplasia was diagnosed using a novel method. Thyroid hormone levels were altered significantly after 4 and 21 days. NaClO₃ treatment induced a concentration-dependen t increase in the incidence and severity of thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia. Male rats are more sensitive to the effects of NaClO₃ treatment than females. Follicular cell hyperplasi a was not present in male or female B6C3F₁ mice. These data can be used to estimate the human health risk that would be associated with using ClO ₂, rather than chlorine, to disinfect drinking water.

Key Words: Colloid depletion • disinfection by-products • drinking water • follicular cell hyperplasia • hormones • sodium chlorate • thyroid.

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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 29, No. 2, 250-259 (2001)
DOI: 10.1080/019262301317052530


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This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Hooth, M. J. Articles by Wolf, D. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hooth, M. J. Articles by Wolf, D. C. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB LEVOTHYROXINE LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM CHLORATE Social Bookmarking                         What's this?