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Chronic Toxicity of Bromodichloromethane to the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Margaret W. Toussaint
GEO-CENTERS, Fort Detrick, Maryland, Margaret.Toussaint{at}amedd.arm y.mil
Alan B. Rosencrance
U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
Linda M. Brennan
GEO-CENTERS, Fort Detrick, Maryland
William E. Dennis
GEO-CENTERS, Fort Detrick, Maryland
Joseph R. Beaman
GEO-CENTERS, Fort Detrick, Maryland
Marilyn J. Wolfe
Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Herndon, Virginia
Florence J. Hoffmann
U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
Henry S. Gardner, JR
U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were continually exposed in a flow-through diluter system for 9 months to measured bromodichloromethan e (BDCM) concentrations of 0.018, 0.143, or 1.424 mg/L. Parameters evaluated were hepatocarcinogenicity, hepatocellular proliferation, hematology, and intrahepatic BDCM concentration. BDCM was not hepatocarcinogeni c to medaka at the concentrations tested. Chronic toxicity was evidenced at 6 and 9 months by statistically significant ( =0.05) levels of gallbladder lesions and bile duct abnormalities in medaka treated with 1.424 mg/L BDCM. Hepatocellular proliferation was assessed after 1, 4, and 20 days of BDCM exposure. Treatment-related increases or decreases in cellular proliferation were not observed at any time point. Hematocrit, leukocrit, cell viability, and cell counts of treated fish after 9 months of BDCM exposure were not significantly different from control fish. Intrahepatic concentrations were evaluated by gas chromatography after 9 months of BDCM exposure. Fish livers from all three BDCM treatments had detectable amounts of BDCM, with median intrahepatic concentrations of 1.02, 2.89, and 21.25 mg BDCM/kg fish liver in the low, middle, and high concentrations, respectively. Medaka chronic toxicity effects of statistically significant gallbladder and bile duct abnormalities occurred at 1.424 mg/L BDCM, well above median drinking water levels.
Key Words: Bromodichloromethane • fish • carcinogenicity • cell proliferation • 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine • medaka • aquatic toxicology • Oryzias latipes.
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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 29, No. 6,
662-669 (2001)
DOI: 10.1080/019262301753385997
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