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Comparative Pathology of Proliferative Lesions of the Urinary Bladder

Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA

Bladder neoplasia in humans consists of 2 diseases, a low-grade papillary tumor that does not invade or metastasize, and a high-grade lesion that usually invades and metastasizes. Bladder carcinogenesis in rats is most like the low-grade, papillary tumor, although it eventually does progress and invade. In the mouse, models are available that mimic each of these disease processes. Preneoplastic lesions in humans and rodents include various types of hyperplasia, proliferative cystitis, and dysplasia. These preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions arise throughout the urothelium, from the renal pelvis to the urethra, although most commonly in the bladder. Rarely, benign and malignant mesenchymal lesions occur in rats and mice, with a unique submucosal mesenchymal lesion present in some strains of mice. In addition, eosinophilic and clear inclusions in the superfi cial layer of urothelium in mice, which do not appear to be associated with toxicity or carcinogenesis, have been reported. An approach to evaluation of carcinogenic mechanisms involved in the urothelium is presented. It focuses on distinguishing between DNA reactive carcinogens vs those that act by increasing cell proliferation. Although rodent model s do not precisely mimic the human disease, they have provided useful model s for furthering our understanding of the carcinogenic process in the urothelium as it pertains to human diseases.

Key Words: Bladder • pathology • hyperplasia • papilloma • carcinoma • dysplasia • urothelium.

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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 30, No. 6, 663-671 (2002)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230290166751


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This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Cohen, S. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cohen, S. M. Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information Bladder Cancer Social Bookmarking                         What's this?