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Myelodysplasia: Differentiating Neoplastic from Nonneoplastic Syndromes of Ineffective Hematopoiesis in Dogs

College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, jtb2{at}cornell.edu

In the context of human hematopathology, the terms myelodysplasia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are applied to disorders of hematopoiesis that are clonal, neoplastic, and, in most forms, manifested as ineffective hematopoiesis with characteristic morphologic abnormalities in multiple cell lines. Studies of human patients have provided the conceptual framework that MDS evolve from a multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (CFU-GEMM) that has undergone neoplastic transformation as the result of acquired genetic mutations. The diagnosis of MDS in human patients is based largely on morphologic examination of marrow but can be confirmed by detection of cytogenetic abnormalities. Spontaneous, neoplastic myelodysplasia occurs in dogs, but rarely. Nonneoplastic syndromes of ineffective hematopoiesis are more common in dogs, can resemble MDS, and are probably immune mediated in many cases. Drugs and their metabolites are potential causes of dysmorphic maturation and ineffective hematopoiesis. Without methods to confirm clonality by cytogenetic analysis, the diagnosis of neoplastic myelodysplasia in dogs is based on light microscopic examination of bone marrow smears. This paper discusses and illustrates the characteristic morphologic and cytochemical features of neoplastic myelodysplasia and nonneoplastic ineffective hematopoiesis in dogs.

Key Words: Dogs • myelodysplastic syndromes • anemia • neutropenia • myelodysplasia • ineffective hematopoiesis.

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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 31, No. 1 suppl, 44-48 (2003)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230390177659


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This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Blue, J. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Blue, J. T. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?