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Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 32, No. 1 suppl,
67-71 (2004)
DOI: 10.1080/01926230490430728
Molecular Profiling of Cancer
John W. Gillespie
Science Applications International Corporation, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, jgill{at}mail.nih.gov
Gallya Gannot
Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Michael A. Tangrea
Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Mamoun Ahram
Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
Carolyn J.M. Best
Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Verena E. Bichsel
Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, Bern, Switzerland
Emmanuel F. Petricoin
Center for Biologics and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Michael R. Emmert-Buck
Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Rodrigo F. Chuaqui
Pathogenetics Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
The objective of molecular profiling of cancer is to determine the differential expression of genes and proteins from human tissue in the progression from normal precursor tissue to preneoplastic tissue to cancer in order to discover diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers. With the development of high-throughput analytical techniques such as microarrays and 2-D PAGE as well as the development of tools for cell procurement from histological sections such as laser capture microdissection (LCM), it is now possible to perform molecular analyses on specific cell populations from tissue. Since recognition of specific cell populations is critical, there is a need to optimize fixation and embedding not only to improve preservation of biomolecules, but also to maintain excellent histology. We have shown that 70% ethanol fixation of prostate tissue improves the recovery of DNA, RNA, and proteins over routine formalin fixation and maintains histological quality comparable to formalin. There is also a need to develop new technologies in order to expand the range of tissue types that can be analyzed. The development and applications of Layered Expression Scanning (LES) for the molecular analysis of whole tissue sections are discussed.
Key Words: Molecular • profiling • expression • cancer • microdissection • expression • protein • gene.
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